This issue (the Monsoon Number) of the journal is being published with a delay of one week or so. The absence of dedicated editorial staff, which we mentioned in the earlier issue, has been the main root cause of the delay this time; but that we have to bear for some more time. On the other hand the contributions coming from all corners of the academic community in this state cutting across the various disciplines of modern science encourage us much. It is more so, because the students of different institutions continue to contribute this journal with the findings from the projects they carry out. These students’ projects may be envisaged as the first stepping stones of our potential young colleagues in future, in the field of scientific research.
We are thinking of bringing out formally a printed version of this online journal as well. The contributors will be provided with a copy of that version, if they require, at some nominal cost. All these things are in planning and processing stage right now. When …
Download pdf: From the Desk of the Editors
Brief reports of original research works:
Misalignment Considerations in Laser Diode to Circular Core Graded Index Single Mode Fiber Excitation via Upside Down Tapered Microlens on the Fiber Tip Sumanta Mukhopadhyay
By employing Gaussian field distributions for both the source and the fiber and also the derived ABCD matrix for upside down tapered microlens under paraxial approximation, we investigate theoretically the coupling optics involving laser diode emitting practically interesting wavelengths of 1.3 μm and 1.5 μm, respectively and a series of circular core graded index single mode fibers with different refractive index profile exponents via upside down tapered microlens on the fiber tip in presence of possible transverse and angular misalignments. Further, it is observed that out of the studied refractive index profiles, triangular index profile having the dispersion-shifted merit comes out to be the most suitable profile to couple laser diode to such abovementioned fiber for two wavelengths of practical interest. Our formalism is very simple in comparison to the other existing methods involving cumbersome numerical integrations. The results are extremely useful for assessing deeply the sensitivity of such coupler with reference to above kind of misalignments. Such analysis which as per our knowledge is the first theoretical investigation, will be extremely important for the design of optimum launch optics involving circular core graded index single-mode fiber.
Butterfly Diversity of Berhampore Girls’ College Campus, Murshidabad, West Bengal, India: A preliminary Assessment Meghna Saha, Indra Sarkar, Labani Barik, Rudra Prasad Das and Santi Ranjan Dey
India has one of the richest and most diverse butterfly faunas of the world. The relative ease of observation, an existing knowledge of their natural history, and the high sensitivity of butterflies toward changes in the environment are the factors that make them so-called bio-indicators of the area. Institutional campuses with undisturbed natural vegetation and seasonal flowering plantation provide potential habitat for butterfly population as they are usually devoid of any developmental activities and pollution. If the landscaping and maintenance of campus gardens are carefully planned, the diversity of butterflies may increase in the college campus providing a rich ground for butterfly conservation as well as for research. Berhampore Girls’ College of Mursidabad district, West Bengal, India has a lush green campus in the heart of the city, Berhampore. In the present survey, preliminary assessment and documentation of the butterflies in the college campus was carried out.
There are many situations where human activities have significant effects on our environment. Stratospheric ozone layer depletion is one of them. Ozone is depleted in many ways. The human released chlorofluorocarbons are the main and primary causes to destroy ozone layer. As a result more solar UV-B radiation (290-320 nm) reaches to the surface. This UV radiation destroys DNA and proteins in all living organisms. This review presents a brief discussion of the effect of ozone depletion on solar UV-radiation, sunburn and skin cancer, eyes, aquatic ecosystems, atmospheric concentrations of HOx, CH4, CO, H2O2 and also on the Antarctic and Arctic aquatic ecosystems.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are more than one billion smokers in the world, more than 3 million people died of COPD and it ranked as the third-leading cause of death in 2012. If remains unchecked, tobacco-related deaths will increase to more than eight million a year by 2030. Study on the COPD affected patients reveal that it is often associated with a history of cigarette smoking and is characterized by shortness of breath, coughing that produces large amounts of mucous, wheezing, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, lung cancer, anxiety disorder and depression. Here I have put up an instance of a patient suffering from COPD which gradually became worse over time. I have studied his symptoms, sufferings and medications over long years. Inhaled bronchodilators are used for primary medication and long term antibiotics are sometimes used for reducing the frequency of exacerbations. The only measures that have been shown to reduce mortality are smoking cessation and supplemental oxygen. Lung transplantation is sometimes performed for severe COPD. Prevention of COPD by cessation of tobacco smoking rather than the cure should be a more important aspect that should be dealt with in the present era.
Green Revolution is a unique event in the agricultural history of Independent India. It has saved us from the disasters of hunger and starvation. But higher yields and greater food security came at the expense of higher inputs of pesticides and fertilizers. The agricultural systems created by the Green Revolution are dependent on a handful of varieties for its major crops. The loss of biodiversity and traditional knowledge is detrimental for food security, nutritional security and also endangers health of peoples. The central tenet of ecofeminism is that social and environmental issues are not separate. The simultaneous emergence of women and environmental movements raises a question about the relationships between feminism and ecology.
In this article, various non-relativistic motions of a body have been studied from the viewpoints of both an inertial and a rotating (non-inertial) observer, thus illustrating the major differences in the ways of description between those two viewpoints. As an application, we have illustrated classical description of Larmor precession. Furthermore, it has been shown that description of motion of a body (mass) given by a rotating observer has vast similarity with description of motion of a charged particle moving in an electromagnetic field, given by an inertial observer. Validity and implication of work-energy theorem in a rotating frame, different work energy considerations and their side-by-side correspondence in rotating and electromagnetic cases have been discussed. Furthermore, similarity between velocity dependent potential associated with the ‘pseudo’ forces in a rotating frame and with electromagnetic interaction forces has been studied, illustrating the concept of effective potential in course of rotating frame description of motion of a body. Also, a set of equations similar to Maxwell’s equations in electrodynamics has been designed in case of rotating frame description of motion, for some simplified assumptions about variation of angular velocity of a rotating frame.
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